Case5

Module 5 – Case

STRESS EFFECTS ON THE EXCRETORY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS

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Case Assignment

Now that you have reviewed the anatomy and physiology of reproduction, let’s continue to investigate the influence of the stress response on human reproductive function. We will begin by investigating the interactions between hormones responsible for regulating female reproductive cycles and the stress hormones.

First read some background on stress and reproduction in the article, “Stress puts double whammy on reproductive system,” By Robert Sanders, UC Berkeley News. 15 June 2009.

Next read the review by Kalantaridou, N.S., et al. Stress and the female reproductive system. Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 2004.62:61–68, and address the following questions in paragraph format:

1. What term is used in this article to describe the regulatory axis of the reproductive system? What is the principle regulatory hormone for this axis?
2. What effects does the HPA axis have on the female reproductive system? What two hormones are described in this article and what are the general effects of these hormones on female reproductive organs?
3. Which female reproductive organs normally respond to CRH? What effect does this hormone have on these organs? What is the role of this hormonal signal in regulating reproduction? Use Table 2 and do a little outside research to look up any unfamiliar terms.
4. Recall the information that you have reviewed in previous modules about unregulated cortisol and stress hormone release on the other systems of the body. What are the implications of dysregulation of CRH and glucocorticoids for human reproduction? Describe the physiological and psychological effects that these hormones can have relative to female reproduction.

Assignment Expectations

Organize this assignment by answering the questions above in four paragraphs that align with the numbering above. Answer each question using complete sentences that relate back to the question. Be sure to include a references section at the end of your assignment that lists the websites and articles used above and any additional resources you used to research your answers. Follow the format provided in the Background page.

Stress puts double whammy on reproductive system

By Robert Sanders, Media Relations | 15 June 2009

BERKELEY — University of California, Berkeley, researchers have found what they think is a critical and, until now, missing piece of the puzzle about how stress causes sexual dysfunction and infertility.

Scientists know that stress boosts levels of stress hormones – glucocorticoids such as cortisol – that inhibit the body’s main sex hormone, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), and subsequently suppresses sperm count, ovulation and sexual activity.